Petrological characteristics of Eocene volcanic rocks around Demirören (Gümüşhane, NE Turkey)
Keywords:
Eastern pontides, eocene, geochemistry, Demirören volcanics, petrology
Abstract
In this study, the Eocene volcanic rocks that crop out in Demirören (Gümüşhane) and its surroundings in the South Zone of the Eastern Pontides were studied mineralogically, petrographically and geochemically. Eocene aged Demirören volcanics are in basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite and rhyolite in composition and consist mainly of plagioclase, alkali feldspar, quartz, hornblende, augite and biotite minerals. These rocks are calc-alkaline in character and have low to high-K content. They are also enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) and depleted in the high field strength elements (HFSEs). The chondrite-normalized rare earth element distributions are concave-shaped with low to medium enrichment (LaN/LuN = 4-16), indicating that the rocks forming the volcanics originated from the same source. Fractional crystallization and minor assimilation ± magma mixing played a role in the development of the volcanites. All these data indicate that the parental magma of the volcanites could possibly be a source of sub-continental lithospheric mantle, enriched by the metasomatism of fluids previously derived from subduction-related.
References
[1] Vural A. Evaluation of soil geochemistry data of Canca Area (Gümüşhane, Turkey) by means of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Kriging methods-preliminary findings. Bulletin of The Mineral Research and Exploration 2019; 158:10–20.
[2] Vural A, Ersen F. Geology, mineralogy and geochemistry of manganese mineralization in Gumushane, Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2019; 8:1051–1059.
[3] Vural A. Contamination assessment of heavy metals associated with an alteration area: Demirören Gumushane, NE Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society of India 2015; 86:215–222.
[4] Vural A. K-Ar dating for determining the age of mineralization as alteration product: A case study of antimony mineralization vein type in granitic rocks of Gümüşhane area, Turkey. Acta Physica Polonica A 2017; 132:792–795.
[5] Vural A, Erdoğan M. Eski Gümüşhane Kırkpavli Alterasyon Sahasında Toprak Jeokimyası. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2014; 4:1–15.
[6] Vural A, Şahin E. Gümüşhane Şehir Merkezinden Geçen Karayolunda Ağır Metal Kirliliğine Ait İlk Bulgular. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2012; 2:21–35.
[7] Vural A, Çiçek B. Cevherleşme Sahasında Gelişmiş Topraklardaki Ağır Metal Kirliliği. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 2020; 8:1533–1547.
[8] Kaygusuz A, Arslan M, Sipahi F, Temizel İ. U-Pb zircon chronology and petrogenesis of Carboniferous plutons in the northern part of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Constraints for Paleozoic magmatism and geodynamic evolution. Gondwana Research 2016; 39:327–346.
[9] Kaygusuz A, Arslan M, Temizel İ, CemYücel, Aydınçakır E. U–Pb zircon ages and petrogenesis of the Late Cretaceous I-type granitoids in arc setting, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Journal of African Earth Sciences 2021; 174:104040.
[10] Arslan M, Temizel I, Abdioǧlu E, Kolayli H, Yücel C, Boztuǧ D, Şen C. 40Ar-39Ar dating, whole-rock and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of post-collisional Eocene volcanic rocks in the southern part of the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey): Implications for magma evolution in extension-induced origin. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2013; 166:113–142.
[11] Aslan Z, Arslan M, Temizel I, Kaygusuz A. K-Ar dating, whole-rock and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks around the Gümüşhane area: Implications for post-collisional volcanism in the Eastern Pontides, Northeast Turkey. Mineralogy and Petrology 2014; 108:245–267.
[12] Kaygusuz A, Şahin K. Petrographical, geochemical and petrological characteristics of Eocene volcanic rocks in the Mescitli area , Eastern Pontides ( NE Turkey ). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2016; 5:473–486.
[13] Sipahi F, Akpınar İ, Saydam Eker Ç, Kaygusuz A, Vural A, Yılmaz M. Formation of the Eğrikar (Gümüşhane) Fe–Cu skarn type mineralization in NE Turkey: U–Pb zircon age, lithogeochemistry, mineral chemistry, fluid inclusion, and O-H-C-S isotopic compositions. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 2017; 182:32–52.
[14] Sipahi F, Kaygusuz A, Saydam Eker, Vural A, Akpınar. Late Cretaceous arc igneous activity: the Eğrikar Monzogranite example. International Geology Review 2018; 60:382–400.
[15] Temizel İ, Arslan M, Yücel C, Abdioğlu Yazar E, Kaygusuz A, Aslan Z. U-Pb geochronology, bulk-rock geochemistry and petrology of Late Cretaceous syenitic plutons in the Gölköy (Ordu) area (NE Turkey): Implications for magma generation in a continental arc extension triggered by slab roll-back. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2019; 171:305–320.
[16] Temizel İ, Arslan M, Yücel C, Abdioğlu Yazar E, Kaygusuz A, Aslan Z. Eocene tonalite–granodiorite from the Havza (Samsun) area, northern Turkey: adakite-like melts of lithospheric mantle and crust generated in a post-collisional setting. International Geology Review 2020.
[17] Vural A. Demirören/Gümüşhane-Türkiye Kuvars Porfiri Kayacı ve İlişkili Skarn-Metasomatizmanın Jeokimyasal Özellikleri (Geochemical Properties of Demirören/Gümüşhane Quartz Porphyry Rock and Related Skarn- Metasomatism). Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences 2020; 7:97–121.
[18] Vural A, Kaygusuz A. Geochronology, petrogenesis and tectonic importance of Eocene I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2021; 14:467.
[19] Çamur MZ, Güven İH, Er M. Geochemical characteristics of the eastern Pontide volcanics: an example of multiple volcanic cycles in arc evolution. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 1996:123–144.
[20] Arslan M, Tüysüz N, Korkmaz S, Kurt H. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the eastern Pontide volcanic rocks, Northeast Turkey. Chemie Der Erde Geochemistry 1997; 57:157–187.
[21] Özsayar T, Pelin S, Gedikoğlu A. Doğu Pontidlerde Kretase. KTÜ Yer Bilimleri Dergisi 1981; 1:65–114.
[22] Karslı O, Chen B, Aydin F, Şen C. Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of the Eocene Dölek and Sariçiçek Plutons, Eastern Turkey: Implications for magma interaction in the genesis of high-K calc-alkaline granitoids in a post-collision extensional setting. Lithos 2007; 98:67–96.
[23] Kaygusuz A, Öztürk M. Geochronology, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Eocene Bayburt intrusions, Eastern Pontide, NE Turkey: implications for lithospheric mantle and lower crustal sources in the high-K calc-alkaline magmatism. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2015; 108:97–116.
[24] Eyüboğlu Y, Dudas FO, Thorkelson D, Zhu DC, Liu Z, Chatterjee N, Yi K, Santosh M. Eocene granitoids of northern Turkey: Polybaric magmatism in an evolving arc–slab window system. Gondwana Research 2017; 50:311–345.
[25] Özdamar Ş, Roden MF, Billor MZ. Petrology of the shoshonitic Çambaşı pluton in NE Turkey and implications for the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean: insights from geochemistry, geochronology and SrNd isotopes. Lithos 2017; 284–285:477–492.
[26] Kaygusuz A, Yücel C, Arslan M, Temizel İ, Yi K, Jeong Y-J, Siebel W, Sipahi F. Eocene I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Insights into magma genesis and magma-tectonic evolution from whole-rock geochemistry, geochronology and isotope systematics. International Geology Review 2020; 62 (11): 1406–1432.
[27] Kaygusuz A, Arslan A, Siebel W, Şen C. Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotopic Characteristics of Post-Collisional Calc-Alkaline Volcanics in the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 2011; 20:137–159.
[28] [28] Aydınçakır E. The Petrogenesis of Early-Eocene non-adakitic volcanism in NE Turkey. Lithos 2014; 208:361–377.
[29] Özdamar Ş. Geochemistry and geochronology of late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the northern part of the Eastern Pontide Orogenic Belt (NE Turkey): Implications for the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Lithos 2016; 248–252:240–256.
[30] Yücel C, Arslan M, Temizel İ, Abdioğlu Yazar E, Ruffet G. Evolution of K-rich magmas derived from a net veined lithospheric mantle in an ongoing extensional setting: Geochronology and geochemistry of Eocene and Miocene volcanic rocks from Eastern Pontides (Turkey). Gondwana Research 2017; 45:65–86.
[31] Temizel I, Arslan M, Ruffet G, Peucat JJ. Petrochemistry, geochronology and Sr-Nd isotopic systematics of the Tertiary collisional and post-collisional volcanic rocks from the Ulubey (Ordu) area, eastern Pontide, NE Turkey: Implications for extension-related origin and mantle source characteristics. Lithos 2012; 128–131:126–147.
[32] Vural A, Sipahi F. Demirören (Gümüşhane) Fe-skarn yatağının Jeolojik, Jeokimyasal ve kayaç kimyası, köken özellikleri açısından incelenmesi. GÜ Araştırma Fonu (GÜ BAP) 2016.
[33] Topuz G, Altherr R, Kalt A, Satir M, Werner O, Schwarz WH. Aluminous granulites from the Pulur complex, NE Turkey: A case of partial melting, efficient melt extraction and crystallisation. Lithos 2004; 72:183–207.
[34] Topuz G, Altherr R, Siebel W, Schwarz WH, Zack T, Hasözbek A, Barth M, Satır M, Şen C. Carboniferous high-potassium I-type granitoid magmatism in the Eastern Pontides: The Gümüşhane pluton (NE Turkey). Lithos 2010; 116:92–110.
[35] Kaygusuz A, Arslan M, Siebel W, Sipahi F, Ilbeyli N. Geochronological evidence and tectonic significance of Carboniferous magmatism in the southwest Trabzon area, eastern Pontides, Turkey. International Geology Review 2012; 54:1776–1800.
[36] Vural A, Kaygusuz A. Petrology of the Paleozoic Plutons in Eastern Pontides: Artabel Pluton (Gümüşhane, NE Turkey). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2019; 8:1216–1228.
[37] Kaygusuz A. Geochronological age relationships of Carboniferous Plutons in the Eastern Pontides ( NE Turkey ). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2020; 9:1299–1307.
[38] Dokuz A, Karsli O, Chen B, Uysal I. Sources and petrogenesis of Jurassic granitoids in the Yusufeli area, Northeastern Turkey: Implications for pre- and post-collisional lithospheric thinning of the eastern Pontides. Tectonophysics 2010; 480:259–279.
[39] Eker CS, Sipahi F, Kaygusuz A. Trace and rare earth elements as indicators of provenance and depositional environments of Lias cherts in Gumushane, NE Turkey. Chemie Der Erde - Geochemistry 2012; 72:167–177.
[40] Pelin S. Geological study of the area southeast of Alucra (Giresun) with special reference to its petroleum potential. Trabzon, Türkiye: Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Yayın No. 87; 1977.
[41] Alan İ, Balcı V, Keskin H, Altun İ, Böke N, Demirbağ H, Arman S, Elibol H, Soyakıl M, Kop A, Hanilçi N. Tectonostratigraphic characteristics of the area between Çayeli (Rize) and İspir (Erzurum). Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration 2019; 158:1–29.
[42] Aydin F, Dokuz A, Kandemir R, Karsli O. Temporal, geochemical and geodynamic evolution of the Late Cretaceous subduction zone volcanism in the eastern Sakarya Zone, NE Turkey : implications for mantle-crust interaction in an arc setting. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2020; 192: 104217.
[43] Aydınçakır E. Subduction-related Late Cretaceous high-K volcanism in the Central Pontides orogenic belt: Constraints on geodynamic implications. Geodinamica Acta 2016; 28:379–411.
[44] Kaygusuz A, Siebel W, Şen C, Satir M. Petrochemistry and petrology of I-type granitoids in an arc setting: The composite Torul pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences 2008; 97:739–764.
[45] Topuz G, Okay AI, Altherr R, Schwarz WH, Siebel W, Zack T, Satir M, Sen C. Post-collisional adakite-like magmatism in the Agvanis Massif and implications for the evolution of the Eocene magmatism in the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Lithos 2011; 125:131–150.
[46] Eyuboglu Y, Dudas FO, Santosh M, Yi K, Kwon S, Akaryali E. Petrogenesis and U-Pb zircon chronology of adakitic porphyries within the Kop ultramafic massif (Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt, NE Turkey). Gondwana Research 2013; 24:742–766.
[47] Tokel S. Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinde Eosen yaşlı kalkalkalen andezitler ve jeotektonizma. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Büllteni 1977; 20:49–54.
[48] Kaygusuz A, Merdan-Tutar Z, Yucel C. Mineral chemistry, crystallization conditions and petrography of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Bahçecik (Torul/Gumushane) area, Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2017; 6:641–651.
[49] Kaygusuz A, Gucer MA, Yucel C, Aydincakir E, Sipahi F. Petrography and crystallization conditions of Middle Eocene volcanic rocks in the Aydıntepe -Yazyurdu (Bayburt) area, Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2019; 8:1205–1215.
[50] Kaygusuz A, Selvi D. Crystallization conditions and petrography of eocene volcanic rocks in the Gümüşdamla-Erikdibi area (Bayburt, NE Turkey). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2020; 9:1529–1537.
[51] Temizel İ, Abdioğlu Yazar E, Arslan M, Kaygusuz A, Aslan Z. Mineral chemistry, whole-rock geochemistry and petrology of Eocene I-type shoshonitic plutons in the Gölköy area (Ordu, NE Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 2018; 157:121–152.
[52] Kaygusuz A, Yücel C, Arslan M, Sipahi F, Temizel İ, Çakmak G, Güloğlu ZS. Petrography, mineral chemistry and crystallization conditions of Cenozoic plutonic rocks located to the north of Bayburt (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 2018; 157:75–102.
[53] Aydin F, Karslı O, Chen B. Petrogenesis of the Neogene alkaline volcanics with implications for post-collisional lithospheric thinning of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Lithos 2008; 104:249–266.
[54] Yücel C. Geochronology, geochemistry, and petrology of adakitic Pliocene–Quaternary volcanism in the Şebinkarahisar (Giresun) area, NE Turkey. International Geology Review 2019; 61:754–777.
[55] Kaygusuz A. K/Ar ages and geochemistry of the post-collisional volcanic rocks in the Ilica (Erzurum) area, eastern Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch Fur Mineralogie-Abhandlungen 2009; 186:21–36.
[56] Kaygusuz A, Aslan Z, Aydınçakır E, Yücel C, Gücer MA, Şen C. Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope characteristics of the Miocene to Pliocene volcanic rocks from the Kandilli (Erzurum) area, Eastern Anatolia (Turkey): Implications for magma evolution in extension-related origin. Lithos 2018; 296–299:332–351.
[57] Vural A. Zenginleştirilmiş Jeoturizm Güzergahlarına Dair Farkındalık Oluşturulması : Eski Gümüşhane - Dörtkonak Güzergahı[Creation of Awareness of Enhanced Geotourism Routes: Old Gümüşhane-Dörtkonak Route]. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi 2019; 10:250–274.
[58] Le Maitre RW, Bateman P, Dudek A, Keller J, Lameyre J, Le Bas MJ, Sabine PA, Schmid R, Sorensen H, Streckeisen A, Woolley AR, Zanettin B. A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms: Recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous rocks. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, U.K.; 1989.
[59] Winchester JA, Floyd PA. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology 1977; 20:325–343.
[60] Irvine TN, Baragar WRA. A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1971; 8:523–548.
[61] Peccerillo A, Taylor SR. Geochemistry of eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1976; 58:63–81.
[62] Sun SS, McDonough WF. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes. Geological Society Special Publication 1989; 42:313–345.
[63] Pearce JA, Cann JR. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1973; 19:290–300.
[64] Taylor SR, McLennan SM. The Continental Crust; its Composition and Evolution Geoscience Text. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, U.K.; 1985.
[65] Hoffmann AW. Chemical differentiation of the Earth. The relationship between mantle, continental crust and oceanic crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1988; 90:297–314.
[66] Schmidberger S, Hegner E. Geochemistry and isotope systematics of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Saar-Nahe basin (SW Germany). Implications for Late Hercynian orogenic development. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1999; 135:373–385.
[67] Drummond MS, Defant M. J. A model for trondhjemite-tonalite-dacite genesis and crustal growth via slab melting: Archean to modern comparisons. Journal of Geophysical Research 1990; 95:21503–21521.
[68] Lambert RJ, Holland JG. Yttrium geochemistry applied to petrogenesis utilizing calcium-yttrium relationships in minerals and rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1974; 38:1393–1414.
[69] Pearce JA, Bender JF, De Long SE, Kidd WSF, Low PJ, Güner Y, Saroglu F, Yilmaz Y, Moorbath S, Mitchell JG. Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1990; 44:189–229.
[70] Sun SS, McDonough WF. Chemical and Isotope Systematics of Oceanic Basalts; Implication for Mantle Compositionsand Processes. In: Saunders AD, Nory MJ (eds.), Magmatismin the Ocean Basins. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 42; 1989:313–345.
[71] Elburg MA, Bergen MV, Hoogewerff J, Foden J, Vroon P, Zulkarnain I, Nasution A. Geochemical trends across an arc-continent collision zone: magma sources and slab-wedge transfer processes below the Pantar Strait volcanoes, Indonesia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2002; 66:2771–2789.
[72] McDermott F, Delfin FG, Defant MJ, Turner S, Maury R. The petrogenesis of magmas from Mt. Bulusan and Mayon in the Bicol arc, the Philippines. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2005; 150:652–670.
[73] Pearce JA. Role of the sub-continental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margins. Continental Basalts and Mantle Xenoliths 1983:230–249.
[74] Jahn BM, Wu FY, Lo CH. Crust-mantle interaction induced by deep subduction of the continental crust: geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic evidence from post-collisional mafic-ultramafic intrusions of the northern Dabie Complex, Central China. Chemical Geology 1999; 157:119–146.
[75] Smith EI, Sanchez A, Walker JD, Wang K. Geochemistry of mafic magmas in the Hurricane Volcanic field, Utah: implications for small- and large-scale chemical variability of the lithospheric mantle. Journal of Geology 1999; 107:433–448.
[76] Churikova T, Dorendorf F, Worner G. Sources and fluids in the mantle wedge below Kamchatka, Evidence from across-arc geochemical variation. Journal of Petrology 2001; 42:1567–1593.
[77] Condie KC, Frey BA, Kerrich R. The 1.75-Ga Iron King Volcanics in westcentral Arizona: a remnant of an accreted oceanic plateau derived from a mantle plume with a deep depleted component. Lithos 2002; 64:49–62.
[78] Zhao D, Lei J, Inoue T, Yamada A, Gao S. Deep structure and origin of the Baikal rift zone. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006; 243:681–691.
[2] Vural A, Ersen F. Geology, mineralogy and geochemistry of manganese mineralization in Gumushane, Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2019; 8:1051–1059.
[3] Vural A. Contamination assessment of heavy metals associated with an alteration area: Demirören Gumushane, NE Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society of India 2015; 86:215–222.
[4] Vural A. K-Ar dating for determining the age of mineralization as alteration product: A case study of antimony mineralization vein type in granitic rocks of Gümüşhane area, Turkey. Acta Physica Polonica A 2017; 132:792–795.
[5] Vural A, Erdoğan M. Eski Gümüşhane Kırkpavli Alterasyon Sahasında Toprak Jeokimyası. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2014; 4:1–15.
[6] Vural A, Şahin E. Gümüşhane Şehir Merkezinden Geçen Karayolunda Ağır Metal Kirliliğine Ait İlk Bulgular. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2012; 2:21–35.
[7] Vural A, Çiçek B. Cevherleşme Sahasında Gelişmiş Topraklardaki Ağır Metal Kirliliği. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 2020; 8:1533–1547.
[8] Kaygusuz A, Arslan M, Sipahi F, Temizel İ. U-Pb zircon chronology and petrogenesis of Carboniferous plutons in the northern part of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Constraints for Paleozoic magmatism and geodynamic evolution. Gondwana Research 2016; 39:327–346.
[9] Kaygusuz A, Arslan M, Temizel İ, CemYücel, Aydınçakır E. U–Pb zircon ages and petrogenesis of the Late Cretaceous I-type granitoids in arc setting, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Journal of African Earth Sciences 2021; 174:104040.
[10] Arslan M, Temizel I, Abdioǧlu E, Kolayli H, Yücel C, Boztuǧ D, Şen C. 40Ar-39Ar dating, whole-rock and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of post-collisional Eocene volcanic rocks in the southern part of the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey): Implications for magma evolution in extension-induced origin. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2013; 166:113–142.
[11] Aslan Z, Arslan M, Temizel I, Kaygusuz A. K-Ar dating, whole-rock and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks around the Gümüşhane area: Implications for post-collisional volcanism in the Eastern Pontides, Northeast Turkey. Mineralogy and Petrology 2014; 108:245–267.
[12] Kaygusuz A, Şahin K. Petrographical, geochemical and petrological characteristics of Eocene volcanic rocks in the Mescitli area , Eastern Pontides ( NE Turkey ). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2016; 5:473–486.
[13] Sipahi F, Akpınar İ, Saydam Eker Ç, Kaygusuz A, Vural A, Yılmaz M. Formation of the Eğrikar (Gümüşhane) Fe–Cu skarn type mineralization in NE Turkey: U–Pb zircon age, lithogeochemistry, mineral chemistry, fluid inclusion, and O-H-C-S isotopic compositions. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 2017; 182:32–52.
[14] Sipahi F, Kaygusuz A, Saydam Eker, Vural A, Akpınar. Late Cretaceous arc igneous activity: the Eğrikar Monzogranite example. International Geology Review 2018; 60:382–400.
[15] Temizel İ, Arslan M, Yücel C, Abdioğlu Yazar E, Kaygusuz A, Aslan Z. U-Pb geochronology, bulk-rock geochemistry and petrology of Late Cretaceous syenitic plutons in the Gölköy (Ordu) area (NE Turkey): Implications for magma generation in a continental arc extension triggered by slab roll-back. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2019; 171:305–320.
[16] Temizel İ, Arslan M, Yücel C, Abdioğlu Yazar E, Kaygusuz A, Aslan Z. Eocene tonalite–granodiorite from the Havza (Samsun) area, northern Turkey: adakite-like melts of lithospheric mantle and crust generated in a post-collisional setting. International Geology Review 2020.
[17] Vural A. Demirören/Gümüşhane-Türkiye Kuvars Porfiri Kayacı ve İlişkili Skarn-Metasomatizmanın Jeokimyasal Özellikleri (Geochemical Properties of Demirören/Gümüşhane Quartz Porphyry Rock and Related Skarn- Metasomatism). Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences 2020; 7:97–121.
[18] Vural A, Kaygusuz A. Geochronology, petrogenesis and tectonic importance of Eocene I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2021; 14:467.
[19] Çamur MZ, Güven İH, Er M. Geochemical characteristics of the eastern Pontide volcanics: an example of multiple volcanic cycles in arc evolution. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 1996:123–144.
[20] Arslan M, Tüysüz N, Korkmaz S, Kurt H. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the eastern Pontide volcanic rocks, Northeast Turkey. Chemie Der Erde Geochemistry 1997; 57:157–187.
[21] Özsayar T, Pelin S, Gedikoğlu A. Doğu Pontidlerde Kretase. KTÜ Yer Bilimleri Dergisi 1981; 1:65–114.
[22] Karslı O, Chen B, Aydin F, Şen C. Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of the Eocene Dölek and Sariçiçek Plutons, Eastern Turkey: Implications for magma interaction in the genesis of high-K calc-alkaline granitoids in a post-collision extensional setting. Lithos 2007; 98:67–96.
[23] Kaygusuz A, Öztürk M. Geochronology, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Eocene Bayburt intrusions, Eastern Pontide, NE Turkey: implications for lithospheric mantle and lower crustal sources in the high-K calc-alkaline magmatism. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2015; 108:97–116.
[24] Eyüboğlu Y, Dudas FO, Thorkelson D, Zhu DC, Liu Z, Chatterjee N, Yi K, Santosh M. Eocene granitoids of northern Turkey: Polybaric magmatism in an evolving arc–slab window system. Gondwana Research 2017; 50:311–345.
[25] Özdamar Ş, Roden MF, Billor MZ. Petrology of the shoshonitic Çambaşı pluton in NE Turkey and implications for the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean: insights from geochemistry, geochronology and SrNd isotopes. Lithos 2017; 284–285:477–492.
[26] Kaygusuz A, Yücel C, Arslan M, Temizel İ, Yi K, Jeong Y-J, Siebel W, Sipahi F. Eocene I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Insights into magma genesis and magma-tectonic evolution from whole-rock geochemistry, geochronology and isotope systematics. International Geology Review 2020; 62 (11): 1406–1432.
[27] Kaygusuz A, Arslan A, Siebel W, Şen C. Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotopic Characteristics of Post-Collisional Calc-Alkaline Volcanics in the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 2011; 20:137–159.
[28] [28] Aydınçakır E. The Petrogenesis of Early-Eocene non-adakitic volcanism in NE Turkey. Lithos 2014; 208:361–377.
[29] Özdamar Ş. Geochemistry and geochronology of late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the northern part of the Eastern Pontide Orogenic Belt (NE Turkey): Implications for the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Lithos 2016; 248–252:240–256.
[30] Yücel C, Arslan M, Temizel İ, Abdioğlu Yazar E, Ruffet G. Evolution of K-rich magmas derived from a net veined lithospheric mantle in an ongoing extensional setting: Geochronology and geochemistry of Eocene and Miocene volcanic rocks from Eastern Pontides (Turkey). Gondwana Research 2017; 45:65–86.
[31] Temizel I, Arslan M, Ruffet G, Peucat JJ. Petrochemistry, geochronology and Sr-Nd isotopic systematics of the Tertiary collisional and post-collisional volcanic rocks from the Ulubey (Ordu) area, eastern Pontide, NE Turkey: Implications for extension-related origin and mantle source characteristics. Lithos 2012; 128–131:126–147.
[32] Vural A, Sipahi F. Demirören (Gümüşhane) Fe-skarn yatağının Jeolojik, Jeokimyasal ve kayaç kimyası, köken özellikleri açısından incelenmesi. GÜ Araştırma Fonu (GÜ BAP) 2016.
[33] Topuz G, Altherr R, Kalt A, Satir M, Werner O, Schwarz WH. Aluminous granulites from the Pulur complex, NE Turkey: A case of partial melting, efficient melt extraction and crystallisation. Lithos 2004; 72:183–207.
[34] Topuz G, Altherr R, Siebel W, Schwarz WH, Zack T, Hasözbek A, Barth M, Satır M, Şen C. Carboniferous high-potassium I-type granitoid magmatism in the Eastern Pontides: The Gümüşhane pluton (NE Turkey). Lithos 2010; 116:92–110.
[35] Kaygusuz A, Arslan M, Siebel W, Sipahi F, Ilbeyli N. Geochronological evidence and tectonic significance of Carboniferous magmatism in the southwest Trabzon area, eastern Pontides, Turkey. International Geology Review 2012; 54:1776–1800.
[36] Vural A, Kaygusuz A. Petrology of the Paleozoic Plutons in Eastern Pontides: Artabel Pluton (Gümüşhane, NE Turkey). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2019; 8:1216–1228.
[37] Kaygusuz A. Geochronological age relationships of Carboniferous Plutons in the Eastern Pontides ( NE Turkey ). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2020; 9:1299–1307.
[38] Dokuz A, Karsli O, Chen B, Uysal I. Sources and petrogenesis of Jurassic granitoids in the Yusufeli area, Northeastern Turkey: Implications for pre- and post-collisional lithospheric thinning of the eastern Pontides. Tectonophysics 2010; 480:259–279.
[39] Eker CS, Sipahi F, Kaygusuz A. Trace and rare earth elements as indicators of provenance and depositional environments of Lias cherts in Gumushane, NE Turkey. Chemie Der Erde - Geochemistry 2012; 72:167–177.
[40] Pelin S. Geological study of the area southeast of Alucra (Giresun) with special reference to its petroleum potential. Trabzon, Türkiye: Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Yayın No. 87; 1977.
[41] Alan İ, Balcı V, Keskin H, Altun İ, Böke N, Demirbağ H, Arman S, Elibol H, Soyakıl M, Kop A, Hanilçi N. Tectonostratigraphic characteristics of the area between Çayeli (Rize) and İspir (Erzurum). Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration 2019; 158:1–29.
[42] Aydin F, Dokuz A, Kandemir R, Karsli O. Temporal, geochemical and geodynamic evolution of the Late Cretaceous subduction zone volcanism in the eastern Sakarya Zone, NE Turkey : implications for mantle-crust interaction in an arc setting. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2020; 192: 104217.
[43] Aydınçakır E. Subduction-related Late Cretaceous high-K volcanism in the Central Pontides orogenic belt: Constraints on geodynamic implications. Geodinamica Acta 2016; 28:379–411.
[44] Kaygusuz A, Siebel W, Şen C, Satir M. Petrochemistry and petrology of I-type granitoids in an arc setting: The composite Torul pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences 2008; 97:739–764.
[45] Topuz G, Okay AI, Altherr R, Schwarz WH, Siebel W, Zack T, Satir M, Sen C. Post-collisional adakite-like magmatism in the Agvanis Massif and implications for the evolution of the Eocene magmatism in the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Lithos 2011; 125:131–150.
[46] Eyuboglu Y, Dudas FO, Santosh M, Yi K, Kwon S, Akaryali E. Petrogenesis and U-Pb zircon chronology of adakitic porphyries within the Kop ultramafic massif (Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt, NE Turkey). Gondwana Research 2013; 24:742–766.
[47] Tokel S. Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinde Eosen yaşlı kalkalkalen andezitler ve jeotektonizma. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Büllteni 1977; 20:49–54.
[48] Kaygusuz A, Merdan-Tutar Z, Yucel C. Mineral chemistry, crystallization conditions and petrography of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Bahçecik (Torul/Gumushane) area, Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2017; 6:641–651.
[49] Kaygusuz A, Gucer MA, Yucel C, Aydincakir E, Sipahi F. Petrography and crystallization conditions of Middle Eocene volcanic rocks in the Aydıntepe -Yazyurdu (Bayburt) area, Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2019; 8:1205–1215.
[50] Kaygusuz A, Selvi D. Crystallization conditions and petrography of eocene volcanic rocks in the Gümüşdamla-Erikdibi area (Bayburt, NE Turkey). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2020; 9:1529–1537.
[51] Temizel İ, Abdioğlu Yazar E, Arslan M, Kaygusuz A, Aslan Z. Mineral chemistry, whole-rock geochemistry and petrology of Eocene I-type shoshonitic plutons in the Gölköy area (Ordu, NE Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 2018; 157:121–152.
[52] Kaygusuz A, Yücel C, Arslan M, Sipahi F, Temizel İ, Çakmak G, Güloğlu ZS. Petrography, mineral chemistry and crystallization conditions of Cenozoic plutonic rocks located to the north of Bayburt (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 2018; 157:75–102.
[53] Aydin F, Karslı O, Chen B. Petrogenesis of the Neogene alkaline volcanics with implications for post-collisional lithospheric thinning of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Lithos 2008; 104:249–266.
[54] Yücel C. Geochronology, geochemistry, and petrology of adakitic Pliocene–Quaternary volcanism in the Şebinkarahisar (Giresun) area, NE Turkey. International Geology Review 2019; 61:754–777.
[55] Kaygusuz A. K/Ar ages and geochemistry of the post-collisional volcanic rocks in the Ilica (Erzurum) area, eastern Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch Fur Mineralogie-Abhandlungen 2009; 186:21–36.
[56] Kaygusuz A, Aslan Z, Aydınçakır E, Yücel C, Gücer MA, Şen C. Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope characteristics of the Miocene to Pliocene volcanic rocks from the Kandilli (Erzurum) area, Eastern Anatolia (Turkey): Implications for magma evolution in extension-related origin. Lithos 2018; 296–299:332–351.
[57] Vural A. Zenginleştirilmiş Jeoturizm Güzergahlarına Dair Farkındalık Oluşturulması : Eski Gümüşhane - Dörtkonak Güzergahı[Creation of Awareness of Enhanced Geotourism Routes: Old Gümüşhane-Dörtkonak Route]. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi 2019; 10:250–274.
[58] Le Maitre RW, Bateman P, Dudek A, Keller J, Lameyre J, Le Bas MJ, Sabine PA, Schmid R, Sorensen H, Streckeisen A, Woolley AR, Zanettin B. A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms: Recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous rocks. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, U.K.; 1989.
[59] Winchester JA, Floyd PA. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology 1977; 20:325–343.
[60] Irvine TN, Baragar WRA. A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1971; 8:523–548.
[61] Peccerillo A, Taylor SR. Geochemistry of eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1976; 58:63–81.
[62] Sun SS, McDonough WF. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes. Geological Society Special Publication 1989; 42:313–345.
[63] Pearce JA, Cann JR. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1973; 19:290–300.
[64] Taylor SR, McLennan SM. The Continental Crust; its Composition and Evolution Geoscience Text. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, U.K.; 1985.
[65] Hoffmann AW. Chemical differentiation of the Earth. The relationship between mantle, continental crust and oceanic crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1988; 90:297–314.
[66] Schmidberger S, Hegner E. Geochemistry and isotope systematics of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Saar-Nahe basin (SW Germany). Implications for Late Hercynian orogenic development. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1999; 135:373–385.
[67] Drummond MS, Defant M. J. A model for trondhjemite-tonalite-dacite genesis and crustal growth via slab melting: Archean to modern comparisons. Journal of Geophysical Research 1990; 95:21503–21521.
[68] Lambert RJ, Holland JG. Yttrium geochemistry applied to petrogenesis utilizing calcium-yttrium relationships in minerals and rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1974; 38:1393–1414.
[69] Pearce JA, Bender JF, De Long SE, Kidd WSF, Low PJ, Güner Y, Saroglu F, Yilmaz Y, Moorbath S, Mitchell JG. Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1990; 44:189–229.
[70] Sun SS, McDonough WF. Chemical and Isotope Systematics of Oceanic Basalts; Implication for Mantle Compositionsand Processes. In: Saunders AD, Nory MJ (eds.), Magmatismin the Ocean Basins. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 42; 1989:313–345.
[71] Elburg MA, Bergen MV, Hoogewerff J, Foden J, Vroon P, Zulkarnain I, Nasution A. Geochemical trends across an arc-continent collision zone: magma sources and slab-wedge transfer processes below the Pantar Strait volcanoes, Indonesia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2002; 66:2771–2789.
[72] McDermott F, Delfin FG, Defant MJ, Turner S, Maury R. The petrogenesis of magmas from Mt. Bulusan and Mayon in the Bicol arc, the Philippines. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2005; 150:652–670.
[73] Pearce JA. Role of the sub-continental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margins. Continental Basalts and Mantle Xenoliths 1983:230–249.
[74] Jahn BM, Wu FY, Lo CH. Crust-mantle interaction induced by deep subduction of the continental crust: geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic evidence from post-collisional mafic-ultramafic intrusions of the northern Dabie Complex, Central China. Chemical Geology 1999; 157:119–146.
[75] Smith EI, Sanchez A, Walker JD, Wang K. Geochemistry of mafic magmas in the Hurricane Volcanic field, Utah: implications for small- and large-scale chemical variability of the lithospheric mantle. Journal of Geology 1999; 107:433–448.
[76] Churikova T, Dorendorf F, Worner G. Sources and fluids in the mantle wedge below Kamchatka, Evidence from across-arc geochemical variation. Journal of Petrology 2001; 42:1567–1593.
[77] Condie KC, Frey BA, Kerrich R. The 1.75-Ga Iron King Volcanics in westcentral Arizona: a remnant of an accreted oceanic plateau derived from a mantle plume with a deep depleted component. Lithos 2002; 64:49–62.
[78] Zhao D, Lei J, Inoue T, Yamada A, Gao S. Deep structure and origin of the Baikal rift zone. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006; 243:681–691.
Published
2021-06-30
How to Cite
Vural, A., Akpınar, İbrahim, Kaygusuz, A., & Sipahi, F. (2021). Petrological characteristics of Eocene volcanic rocks around Demirören (Gümüşhane, NE Turkey). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science, 10(1), 1703-1716. Retrieved from http://www.journaleras.com/index.php/jeras/article/view/235
Issue
Section
Articles
