Bioremediation techniques and strategies on removal of polluted environment

Abstract

By reason of human activities are more greater content than natural process, many organic chemical substances such as pesticides, halogenated and nitroaromatic compounds, petroleum hydrocarbons, phthalate esters, solvents pollute the aquatic and soil environments. Bioremediation is known as one of the cleaner, safer, environmental friendly technology and cost effective for cleaning up sites that are contaminated by various pollutants. The bioremediation process uses different agents such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae and plants for treating environment included heavy metal, organic and inorganic compound. The objective of this paper is to enlarge a better understanding of the strategies and techniques for the bioremediation. Besides the paper addresses the main features of the following issue and techniques: comparing with conventional remediation techniques, advantageous, disadvantageous and limitations of bioremediations, principles of bioremediation, bioremediation system and process (In situ and Ex situ remediation techqniques), phytoremediation, electrobioremediation, bioremediation organisms, using biomolecular engineering techniques for bioremediation.